العنوان:المصدر دراسة لغوية ،صرفية ،نحوية ،تطبيقية فى القران الكريم. الباحث:حيدر محمد المكى سيد أحمد.الدرجة العلمية:ماجستير.الجامعة:الخرطوم .الكلية:التربية .القسم:اللغة العربية المستخلص باللغة العربية:
هَذِهِ دِرَاسَةٌ نَحْوِيَّةٌ صَرْفِيَّةٌ لُغَوِيَّةٍ؛ غَيْرُ مَسْبُوقةٍ؛ تَتَبَّعْتُ فِيهَا الْمَصْدَرَ فِي كُتُبِ اللُّغَةِ وَالْمَعَاجِمِ وَالنَّحْوِ وَالصَّرْفِ وَالْقُرْآنِ-بِالدِّرَاسَةِ وَالتَّحْلِيلِ وِفْقَ ِمَنْهَجٍ وَصْفِيٍّ تَحْلِيلِيٍّ. قَسَّمْتُ الدِّرَاسَةَ إِلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَبْوَابٍ؛ أَوَّلُهَا مَوْضُوعُهَا لُغَوِيٌّ، عُنْوَانُهُ: "الْمَصْدَرُ دِرَاسَةٌ لُغَوِيَّةٌ" وَمَوْضُوعُهُ: أَصْلِ الْكَلِمَةِ(مصدر) لُغَةً فِي الْمَعَاجِمِ وَكُتُبِ اللُّغَةِ، وَاِصْطِلَاحِِاً فِي كُتُبِ النَّحْوِ وَالصَّرْفِ؛ رَابِطَاً بَيْنَ الْمَعْنَيَيْنِ اللَّغَوِيِّ وَالْاصْطِلَاحِيِّ. ثُمَّ تَنَاوَلْتُ فِي ذَا الْبَابِ الْحُرُوفَ الْمَصْدَرِيَّةَ بِدِرَاسَةٍ شَامِلَةٍ فِي كُتُبِ مَعَانِي الْحُرُوفِ. مُسْتَشْهِدَاً لَهَا بِشَوَاهِدَ عديدة وَافِيَةً مِنَ الْقُرْآَنِ والشعر؛ ثُمَّ نَاقَشْتُ في ختام البابِ قَضِيَّةَ الْمَصْدَرِ أَهُوَ فَرْعٌ أَمْ أَصْلٌ؟! مُورِدَاً آرَاءَ الْعُلَمَاءِ قَدِيمَاً وَحَدِيثَاً فِي هَذِهِ الْقَضِيَّةِ مُرَجِّحَاً بَيْنَهَا. الْبَابُ الثَّانِي مَوْضُوعُهُ صَرْفِيٌّ، عُنْوَانُهُ: (الْمَصْدَرُ: دِرَاسَةٌ صَرْفِيَّةٌ). بَيَّنْتُ فِيهِ أَنْوَاعِ الْمَصَادِر؛ صَّرِيحٍ وَمُؤَوَّلٍ وَمِِيمِيٍّ وَصِنَاعِيٍّ وَدَّالِّ عَلَى مَرَّةٍ وَهَيْئَةٍ. جَامِعَاً كُلَّ الْأَبْنِيَةِ الْقِيَاسِيَّةِ وَالسَّمَاعِيَّةِ الَّتِي جَاءَتْ عَلَيْهَا. الْباب الثالِثُ الْأَخِيرُ مَوْضُوعُهُ النَّحْوُ، عُنْوَانُهُ: (الْمَصْدَرُ: دِرَاسَةٌ نَحْوِيَّةٌ)؛ وَهْوَ مِنْ شِقَّيْنِ: الْأَوَّلُ فِي إِعْمَالِ الْمَصْدَرِ، وَشُرُوطِ إِعْمَالِهِ وَأَنْوَاعِ الْمَصَادِرِ الْعَامِلَةِ. وَالْآخَرُ فِي كَوْنِ الْمَصْدَرِ مَعْمُولَاً؛ تَنَاوَلْتُ فِيهِ الْمَوَاضِعَ الْإِعْرَابِيَّةَ الَّتِي يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَقَعَهَا الْمَصْدَرُ مُرَكِّزَاً عَلَى أَهَمِّها؛ كَالْمَفْعُولِ الْمُطْلَقِ وَالْمَفْعُولِ لَهُ وَالْحَالِ. دَعَّمْتُ هَذِهِ الدِّرَاسَةَ بِالتَّطْبِيقِ فِي نُصُوصٍ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ الْكَرِيمِ الَّذِي تَصَدَّرَ نُصُوصَ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ الْفَصِيحَةِ الْمَوْثُوقِ بِصِحَّةِ النَّقْلِ فِيهَا. وَجَعَلْتُ هَذَا التَّطْبِيقَ فِِي نِهَايَةِ كُلِّ مَوْضُوعٍ مِنْ كُلِّ فَصْلٍ؛ وِفْقَ تَرْتِيبِ سُوَرِ الْقُرْآنِ، مُتَتَبِّعَاً وَمُقَارِنَاً مَا وَرَدَ مِنَ المصدر وَمَا يَتَّصِلُ بِهِ فِي كُتُبِ النَّحْوِ وَالصَّرْفِ- بِمَا وَرَدَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ الْكَرِيمِ؛ اسْتِنَادَاً عَلَى كُتُبِ تَفْسِيرِهِ وَغَرِيبِهِ وَمَعَانِيهِ وَإِعْرَابِهِ. جَاعِلَاً لِلْقِرَاءَاتِ الْقُرْآنِيَّةُ عِنَايَةً كُبْرَى فِي عَمَلِي؛ فَهْيَ أَسَاسٌ مِنَ الْأُسُسِ الَّتِي تُشَكِّلُ الْمَادَّةَ اللِّسَانِيَّةَ اللَّازِمَةَ لِكِتَابَةِ تَارِيخِ اللِّسَانِ الْعَرَبِيِّ وَهْوَ مُقَدِّمَةٌ لَا غِنَىً عَنْهَا لِإِعَادَةِ كِتَابَةِ تَارِيخِ اللُّغَاتِ السَّامِيَّةِ. فَجَمَعْتُ هُنَا كُلَّ قِرَاءَةٍ تُدْخِلُ مَعِي وَزْنَاً جَدِيدَاً مِنَ الْمَصَادِرِ، أَوْ قِرَاءَةٍ تُعْرَبُ الْكَلِمَةُ بِهَا مَصْدَرَاً(مَفْعُولَاً مُطْلَقَاً)، أَوْ مَفْعُولَاً لَهُ، أَوْ حَالَاً، جَمْعَاً لَا يَجِدُهُ الْمُطَّلِعُ وَالطَّالِبُ وَالْبَاحِثُ مَجْمُوعَاً فِي مُؤَلَّفَاتِ النَّحْوِ وَالصَّرْفِ إِلَّا نُتَفَاً وَتَفَارِيقَ. وَخَلُصْتُ فِي آخِرِ الرِّسَالَةِ إِلَى نَتَائِجَ صَرْفِيَّةٍ نَحْوِيَّةٍ؛ أَهَمُّهَا أنَّ الْمَصْدَرَ أَصْلٌ لِجُزْءٍ مِنَ الْمُشْتَقَّاتِ (أَسْمَاءِ الْمَعَانِي)؛ فَالْاشْتِقَاقُ يَكُونُ مِنَ الْحُرُوفِ وَأَسْمَاءِ الْأَعْيَانِ، وَالْجُمَلِ(النَّحْتُ)؛ وَهَذِهِ كُلُّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِمَصَادِرَ. وَأَنَّ بَعْضَ مَا جَاءَ مِنَ الْمَصَادِرِ فِي الْقُرْآنِ صَرْفِيَّاً وَنَحْوِيَّاً- كَانَ مُخَالِفَاً لِمَا وُجِدَ فِي كُتُبِ النَّحْوِ وَالصَّرْفِ. ثُمَّ أَعْقَبْتُ هَذِهِ النَّتَائِجِ بِتَوْصِيَاتٍ مُتَعَلِّقَةٍ بِتَرْتِيبِ الْمَصَادَرِ أَهَمِّيَةًَ، وَبِالْمُصَطَلَحِ النَّحْوِيِّ فِي الْمَصَادِرِ الْمِيمِيَّةِ وَالصِّنَاعِيَّةِ وَمَصَادِرِ الْمَرَّةِ وَالْهَيْئَةِ، وَبِتَأْلِيفِ مُعْجَمٍ مُتَخَصِّصٍ فِي مَوْضُوعِ الْمَصْدَرِ. المستخلص باللغة الإنجليزية:
This is an unprecedented linguistic, morphological and syntactical study which I pursued analytically and descriptively an account of the “Original- noun of Action” in Holy Quran, books of language, syntax, morphology and dictionaries. The study came in three sections, the first of which was entitled “the Original: a linguistic study”. This section dealt with the source of the word “Original” linguistically in language books and dictionaries, and technically in books of syntax and morphology, associating both senses. This section then dealt with letters of originality” through a comprehensive study of the books of the meanings thereof, citing at the same time sufficient examples of them in Holy Quran and poetry. The section was concluded with a discussion of whether the Original is Cardinal or partial, quoting the opinions of linguists, old and modern, in this connection, and weighing them with a view to seeing the pros and cons. The second is the morphological section entitled “ the Original: a morphological study”, which stated the types of the Original, the interpreted Original, the Original in M, the artificial Original, the Original of state and noun act, providing all the empirical and regular in declensions they came in. Section three the last, is on syntax, entitled “The Original: A syntactic study”. This section came in two parts, the first of which was the action of the Original, the conditions of action, and the types of active originals. The second part was the passive Original, which covered the declensions positions of the Original focusing on the most important thereof such as the absolute patient, the causal patient, and accusative of state. The study was supported by being applied to the texts of Holy Quran which ranks the highest and most sound of the forms of standard Arabic. This application came at the end of each topic in the sections in the order the Surat (chapters) of Quran are given, tracing back the literature on syntax and morphology and comparing that with the texts of Quran, all that based on the books of interpretation of Quran, and meanings thereof. The study paid paramount care and attention to the Quranic readings since they are one of the bases constituting the linguistic corpora required for writing the history of Arabic, which is an indispensable introduction for re-writing the history of semitic languages. The study collected every reading that introduces a new measure of the originals or a reading by which a word is declined as original (absolute patient), or causal patient or accusative of state, in a manner that is not to be found by the reader, student, or researcher or collected; as such in the books of syntax and morphology but in dribs and drabs. The study at last came to some syntactic and morphological findings the most important of which were that the original is cardinal for a part of the derivatives (abstract nouns), for derivation can be in particles and concrete nouns and sentences all of which are not originals, and that some of the originals mentioned in Holy Quran – syntactically and morphologically were different from those found in books of syntax and morphology. The study was concluded with a statement of some recommendations relating to the order of originals, the syntactic terminology in the artificial original of the state, and noun of one act, as well as the writing of a dictionary specializing in the original noun
مِنْ أهمِّ الأحْداثِ !!
22/Jun/2010, 06:02 PM
المصدر دراسة لغوية ،صرفية ،نحوية ،تطبيقية فى القران الكريم 
العرض الشجري
